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APPDI Participates in National Coordination Meeting on the Transitional Implementation Framework of Indonesia’s Personal Data Protection Law

The Personal Data Protection Act 2010 Malaysia (PDPA) provides the principal legal framework governing personal data protection in Malaysia. Among its enforcement mechanisms, Section 108 empowers the Personal Data Protection Commissioner (“Commissioner”) to issue enforcement notices where a data user is either contravening a provision of the Act or has contravened it in circumstances making further contravention likely…

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From Soft Law to Hard Consequences: DPIA Guideline and the Expanding Reach of Section 108 PDPA

The Personal Data Protection Act 2010 Malaysia (PDPA) provides the principal legal framework governing personal data protection in Malaysia. Among its enforcement mechanisms, Section 108 empowers the Personal Data Protection Commissioner (“Commissioner”) to issue enforcement notices where a data user is either contravening a provision of the Act or has contravened it in circumstances making further contravention likely…

From Soft Law to Hard Consequences: DPIA Guideline and the Expanding Reach of Section 108 PDPA Read More »

US Supreme Court Struck Down a Tariff – It Did Not Strike Down A Treaty : Implications on Renegotiations for Emerging Countries

The US Supreme Court in Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump ruled that IEEPA (International Economic Emergency Powers Act) does not authorize the President to impose unilateral tariffs. Countries that had already signed Agreements…

US Supreme Court Struck Down a Tariff – It Did Not Strike Down A Treaty : Implications on Renegotiations for Emerging Countries Read More »

Comprehensive Legal and Policy Analysis of the Draft Law on Personal Data Protection of the Kingdom of Cambodia

This report presents a comprehensive legal and policy analysis of the Draft Law on Personal Data Protection of the Kingdom of Cambodia. It aims to support the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications (MPTC) in refining and strengthening the draft to ensure that the final law achieves its intended objectives of safeguarding personal data…

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Comprehensive Legal and Policy Analysis of the Draft Law on Personal Data Protection of the Kingdom of Cambodia

Across Europe, the Americas, Asia, and Africa, modern data protection regimes increasingly empower regulators to impose direct administrative financial penalties for non-compliance. ASEAN has followed the same trajectory. Regulators are no longer satisfied with guidance, warnings, or post-incident explanations…

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Administrative Fines Are Becoming the Enforcement Norm — Why Malaysia Remains the Exception

Across Europe, the Americas, Asia, and Africa, modern data protection regimes increasingly empower regulators to impose direct administrative financial penalties for non-compliance. ASEAN has followed the same trajectory. Regulators are no longer satisfied with guidance, warnings, or post-incident explanations…

Administrative Fines Are Becoming the Enforcement Norm — Why Malaysia Remains the Exception Read More »

Unpacking Constitutional Court Decision on Adequacy, Appropriate Safeguards, and Consent for International Data Transfer (Decision No. 137/PUU-XXIII/2025)

The Indonesian Constitutional Court (Mahkamah Konstitusi) rendered judgment in Case No. 137/PUU-XXIII/2025 addressing Article 56 of Law No. 27 Year 2022 on Personal Data Protection (UU PDP) governing international data transfers…

Unpacking Constitutional Court Decision on Adequacy, Appropriate Safeguards, and Consent for International Data Transfer (Decision No. 137/PUU-XXIII/2025) Read More »

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